Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758)
(one synonym : Vindana obliquella)
Greater Wax Moth
GALLERIINAE, PYRALIDAE

Don Herbison-Evans ( donherbisonevans@yahoo.com )
&
Stella Crossley

(updated 7 May 2008)

Galleria mellonella
(Photo: courtesy of H. A. Turney Texas A&M University)

The Caterpillars of this moth are an international pest in beehives, tunneling through the combs, feeding on pollen, wax and honey. Their preference is for abandoned hives, or hives where the colony is has been weakened.

The Caterpillars are a pale honey colour with a brown head. They are used to study insect physiology, and they make excellent bait for fishing. They are often used for the study of Nematodes.

Galleria mellonella
cocoon
(Photo: courtesy of Dr. Toru Shimada, Tokyo University)

The Caterpillars make white cocoons in the hive, which shield the orange pupa.

Galleria mellonella
pupa
(Photo: courtesy of The BioZentrum, University of Wurzberg)

The adult moth is brown with faint light and dark markings. It has a wing span of about 3 cms.

Galleria mellonella
(Photo: courtesy of Donald Hobern, Aranda)

The female moth often lays over 1,000 eggs, usually in batches of about 100. They are laid in cracks or corners. The eggs are also a pale honey colour, oval, and about 0.5 mm across. They are well camouflaged and easily overlooked.

Attempts are being made to control the pest by :

  • heating the combs,
  • freezing the combs,
  • the gas carbon dioxide,
  • the gas sulphur dioxide,
  • the gas phosphine,
  • acetic and formic acids,
  • paradichlorobenzene,
  • pheromone traps,
  • a baculovirus,
  • the parvovirus "gmDNV",
  • the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis ( BACILLACEAE ),
  • toxin extracts from Bacillus thuringiensis,
  • the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
  • the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ( HETERORHABDITIDAE ),
  • the egg parasite wasps Trichogramma species,
  • the wasp Apanteles galleriae ( BRACONIDAE ),
  • the fly Archytas marmoratus ( TACHINIDAE ),
  • apiary hygiene, and
  • using races of bees that resist it, such as Italian Bees.

    The moth species is found all over the world, for example :

  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Russia,
  • UK,
  • U.S.A.,
    and was introduced by unfortunate accident into Australia, and now occurs in areas such as:
  • Australian Capital Territory,
  • New South Wales,
  • South Australia,
  • Tasmania,
  • Victoria, and
  • Western Australia.


    Further reading :

    Ian F.B. Common,
    Moths of Australia, Melbourne University Press, 1990, fig. 31.6, pp. 47, 68, 347.


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