Graphium agamemnon ligatum (Rothschild, 1895)
(erroneously: Papilio ligathus)
PAPILIONIDAE
Green Spotted Triangle
or Tailed Jay

Don Herbison-Evans ( donherbisonevans@yahoo.com )
&
Stella Crossley

(updated 2 March 2007)

This species is probably named after Agamemnon, the great but cursed king of of Ancient Greece.

Graphium agamemnon
(Photo: courtesy of Dr. Margaret Humphrey)

The Caterpillar of this species is dark green or brown with a white patch and a humped thorax. Each segment has a short black spine on each side, and the tail has a pair of black-tipped yellow spines. The Caterpillar feeds by day on the young leaves of various ANNONACEAE, including the introduced:

  • Custard Apple ( Annona reticulata ) ,
  • Soursop ( Annona muricata ),
  • Sugar Apple ( Annona squamosa ),
  • Biriba ( Rollinia delicosa ),

    and the Australian natives :

  • Zig Zag Vine, ( Melodorum leichhardtii ),
  • Raspberry Jelly Tree ( Miliusa brahei ),
  • Canary Beech ( Polyalthia nitidissima ),
  • Yellowwood ( Pseuduvaria froggattii ),
  • Mulgrave's Yellowwood ( Pseuduvaria mulgraveana ), and
  • Hilagak ( Uvaria rufa ).

    Graphium agamemnon
    (Photo: courtesy of Dr. Margaret Humphrey, Cairns)

    The pupa is green with some brown markings, and is usually attached to a leaf by cremaster and girdle.

    Graphium agamemnon
    (Photo: courtesy of Dr. Margaret Humphrey, Cairns)

    The adult butterflies have a wing span around 8 cms. The upper surfaces of the wings are black with rows of green spots, although in dead specimens, the green fades to yellow.

    Graphium agamemnon
    upper surface
    Graphium agamemnon
    underside
    (Specimens: courtesy of the The Australian Museum)

    The underside is brown with fewer spots, some of which are green, but others are various colours including black, red, white and blue.

    Graphium agamemnon
    (Photo: courtesy of Dr. Margaret Humphrey, Cairns)

    The eggs are pale yellow and laid singly on the leaves of a foodplant.

    Graphium agamemnon
    ( Australia Post, 2003)

    Various subspecies of this insect are found across south-east Asia and the Pacific Islands, including :

  • India,
  • Indonesia,
  • Malaysia,
  • Singapore, and
  • Queensland in Australia.

    Graphium agamemnon Graphium agamemnon
    Philippines 1969
    Cambodia 1969


    Further reading :

    Michael F. Braby,
    Butterflies of Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne 2000, vol. 1, pp. 263-264.


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